Nako e nepahetse, 'me sebaka se nepahetse, 'me lik'hamphani tsohle tsa China tsa likoloi tsa motlakase li tšoarehile.Ho bonahala eka China e fetohile setsi sa indasteri ea likoloi tsa motlakase lefatšeng ka bophara.
Ha e le hantle, Jeremane, haeba yuniti ea hau e sa fane ka liqubu tsa ho tjhaja, ho ka 'na ha hlokahala hore u ithekele.monyako.Leha ho le joalo, re lula re buisana ka hore na ke hobane'ng ha lik'hamphani tse ngata tse ntle tsa likoloi tsa Jeremane li sa khone ho etsa Tesla, 'me ha ho thata ho fumana mabaka hona joale.
Ka 2014, Moprofesa Lienkamp oa Technical University of Munich o ile a hatisa buka e ncha "Status of electrical mobility 2014", e lokolohileng le e bulehetseng sechaba, 'me a re: "Le hoja likoloi tsa motlakase li na le mathata a sa tšoaneng, ha ke e-s'o bone koloi e nang le mathata a mangata. e se e ntse e na le motsamao oa motlakase.Mokhanni oa koloi, a kena hape kahara koloi ea setso.Esita le koloi e tloaelehileng ka ho fetisisa ea motlakase e u tlisetsa thabo ea ho khanna, e ke keng ea bapisoa le koloi ea peterole.”Koloi e joalo e hlile e ka etsa hore mong'a koloi a se ke a nchafatsa Ho lahlela morao matsohong a likoloi tsa setso?
Joalokaha bohle re tseba, pelo ea koloi ea motlakase ke betri.
Bakeng sa koloi e tloaelehileng ea motlakase, tlas'a teko e tloaelehileng ea Europe, tšebeliso ea matla ka lik'hilomithara tse 100 e ka ba 17kWh, ke hore, 17 kWh.Dr. Thomas Pesce o ithutile tšebeliso ea matla ea likoloi tse kopanetsoeng tlas'a tlhophiso e nepahetseng.Ntle le ho nahana ka litšenyehelo, tšebeliso e nepahetseng ea matla ho lik'hilomithara tse 100 tse fumanoang ka ho sebelisa theknoloji e teng e feta 15kWh hanyenyane.Sena se bolela hore ka nako e khutšoanyane, ho leka ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea matla ka ho ntlafatsa katleho ea koloi ka boeona, esita le ntle le ho nahana ka litšenyehelo tse eketsehileng, phello ea ho boloka matla e batla e le nyenyane.
Nka mohlala oa betri ea Tesla ea 85kWh.Sebaka sa ho khanna ka lebitso ke 500km.Haeba tšebeliso ea matla e fokotsehile ho 15kWh/100km ka boiteko bo fapaneng, sebaka sa ho khanna se ka eketsoa ho 560km.Ka hona, ho ka boleloa hore bophelo ba betri ea koloi bo lekana le matla a betri pakete, 'me coefficient e lekanang e batla e tsitsitse.Ho ea ka pono ena, tšebeliso ea libeteri tse nang le matla a phahameng a matla (bobeli ba matla a Wh / kg ka boima ba yuniti le matla a Wh / L ka boholo ba yuniti e lokela ho nkoa) ke ea bohlokoa haholo ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea likoloi tsa motlakase, hobane likoloi tsa motlakase, betri e nka karolo e kholo ea boima ba kakaretso.
Mefuta eohle ea libeteri tsa lithium-ion ke libeteri tse lebelletsoeng ka ho fetesisa le tse sebelisoang haholo.Libetri tsa lithium tse sebelisoang likoloing haholo-holo li kenyelletsa nickel cobalt lithium manganate ternary battery (NCM), nickel cobalt lithium aluminate battery (NCA) le lithium iron phosphate battery (LPF).
1. Nickel-cobalt lithium manganate ternary battery NCMe sebelisoa ke likoloi tse ngata tsa motlakase linaheng tse ling ka lebaka la mocheso o fokolang oa tlhahiso ea mocheso, botsitso bo batlang bo le botle, bophelo bo bolelele, le matla a matla a 150-220Wh / kg.
2. NCA nickel-cobalt aluminate lithium betri
Tesla e sebelisa betri ena.Matla a matla a phahame, ho 200-260Wh / kg, 'me ho lebeletsoe ho fihla ho 300Wh / kg haufinyane.Bothata bo ka sehloohong ke hore Panasonic feela e ka hlahisa betri ena hona joale, theko e phahame, 'me polokeho ke e mpe ka ho fetisisa har'a libeteri tse tharo tsa lithium, tse hlokang mocheso o phahameng oa mocheso le tsamaiso ea tsamaiso ea betri.
3. LPF lithium iron phosphate battery Qetellong, a re shebeng betri ea LPF e sebelisoang haholo likoloing tsa motlakase tsa malapeng.Bothata bo boholo ka ho fetisisa ba mofuta ona oa betri ke hore matla a matla a tlase haholo, a ka fihlang ho 100-120Wh / kg feela.Ho feta moo, LPF e boetse e na le sekhahla se phahameng sa ho itšehla thajana.Ha ho le e 'ngoe ea tsena e batloang ke baetsi ba EV.Kamohelo e atileng ea LPF Chaena e tšoana le ho sekisetsa ho entsoeng ke baetsi ba malapeng bakeng sa tsamaiso e theko e boima ea betri le mekhoa ea ho pholisa - libeteri tsa LPF li na le botsitso bo phahameng haholo le polokeho, 'me li ka netefatsa ts'ebetso e tsitsitseng esita le ka mekhoa e fokolang ea tsamaiso ea betri le bophelo bo bolelele ba betri.Molemo o mong o tlisoang ke tšobotsi ena ke hore libeteri tse ling tsa LPF li na le matla a phahameng haholo a ho ntša matla, a ka ntlafatsang ts'ebetso ea likoloi.Ho phaella moo, theko ea libeteri tsa LPF e batla e le tlaase, kahoo e loketse leano la morao-rao le theko e tlaase ea likoloi tsa motlakase tsa malapeng.Empa hore na e tla ntlafatsoa ka matla e le theknoloji ea betri ea nako e tlang, ho ntse ho e-na le letšoao la potso.
Betri ea koloi e tloaelehileng ea motlakase e lokela ho ba kholo hakae?Na ke pakete ea betri e nang le libeteri tse likete tsa Tesla ka tatellano le ka tsela e tšoanang, kapa pakete ea betri e hahiloeng ka libeteri tse 'maloa tse kholo tse tsoang BYD?Ena ke potso e sa batlisisoang hantle, 'me hajoale ha ho na karabo e hlakileng.Ke feela litšobotsi tsa betri pakete e entsoeng ka lisele tse kholo le lisele tse nyane tse hlahisoang mona.
Ha betri e le nyane, sebaka se felletseng sa mocheso oa betri se tla ba seholo haholo, 'me mocheso oa pakete eohle ea betri o ka laoloa ka mokhoa o nepahetseng ka moralo o hlakileng oa ho felisa mocheso ho thibela mocheso o phahameng hore o se ke oa potlakisa le ho theola mocheso. bophelo ba betri.Ka kakaretso, matla le matla a matla a libeteri tse nang le matla a le mong a fokolang li tla ba holimo.Qetellong, 'me ho bohlokoa le ho feta, ha re bua ka kakaretso, matla a fokolang ao betri e le' ngoe e nang le 'ona, a phahamisa polokeho ea koloi eohle.Pakete ea betri e entsoeng ka palo e kholo ea lisele tse nyane, leha sele e le 'ngoe e hloleha, e ke ke ea baka bothata bo boholo.Empa haeba ho na le bothata ka har'a betri e nang le matla a maholo, kotsi ea polokeho e kholo haholo.Ka hona, lisele tse kholo li hloka lisebelisoa tse eketsehileng tsa tšireletso, tse fokotsang matla a matla a betri e entsoeng ka lisele tse kholo.
Leha ho le joalo, ka tharollo ea Tesla, mefokolo e boetse e totobetse.Li-betri tse likete li hloka tsamaiso e rarahaneng haholo ea betri, 'me litšenyehelo tse eketsehileng li ke ke tsa khelloa fatše.BMS (Sistimi ea Taolo ea Battery) e sebelisoang ho Volkswagen E-Golf, mojule o monyenyane o khonang ho laola libeteri tse 12, e bitsa $17.Ho ea ka khakanyo ea palo ea libeteri tse sebelisoang ke Tesla, esita le haeba litšenyehelo tsa BMS e iketselitseng e le tlaase, litšenyehelo tsa matsete a Tesla ho BMS li feta lidolara tse 5,000 tsa US, tse ikarabellang ho feta 5% ea litšenyehelo tsa thepa. koloi kaofela.Ho latela pono ena, ho ke ke ha boleloa hore betri e kholo ha e ntle.Tabeng ea hore theko ea BMS ha e e-s'o fokotsehe haholo, boholo ba betri pakete e lokela ho khethoa ho ea ka boemo ba koloi.
Joalo ka theknoloji e 'ngoe ea mantlha ea likoloi tsa motlakase, hangata koloi e fetoha mokokotlo oa lipuisano, haholo-holo koloi ea mahepu ea Tesla e nang le ts'ebetso ea koloi ea lipapali, e makatsang le ho feta (matla a tlhōrō ea koloi ea Model S a ka fihla ho feta 300kW, The maximum torque ke 600Nm, 'me matla a tlhōrō a haufi le matla a koloi e le' ngoe ea EMU e phahameng haholo).Bafuputsi ba bang indastering ea likoloi ea Jeremane ba ile ba bua ka tsela e latelang:
Tesla ha e sebelise letho haese likarolo tse tloaelehileng ('mele oa aluminium,Asynchronous motor bakeng sa propulsion, theknoloji e tloaelehileng ea chassis e nang le moeaho emisoa, ESP le sistimi e tloaelehileng ea mariki e nang le pompo ea vacuum ea motlakase, lisele tsa laptop joalo-joalo)
Tesla e sebelisa likarolo tsohle tse tloaelehileng, 'mele oa aluminium, li-asynchronous motors, sebopeho se tloaelehileng sa koloi, sistimi ea brake le betri ea laptop joalo-joalo.
Ntho e le 'ngoe feela e ncha ea 'nete e itšetlehile ka theknoloji e hokahanyang betrilisele, tse sebelisang lithapo tse tlamang tseo Tesla a nang le tokelo ea tsona, hammoho le betritsamaiso ea tsamaiso e ka benyang "moea", ho bolelang horekoloi ha e sa hloka ho khanna ho ea workshop ho fumana lisebelisoa tsa software.
Ntho e le 'ngoe feela e bohlale e qapiloeng ke Tesla ke ts'ebetsong ea bona ea betri.Ba sebelisa mohala o khethehileng oa betri, le BMS e nolofalletsang marang-rang a se nang mohala ntle le tlhoko ea ho khutlela fekthering ho ea nchafatsa software.
Ebile, Tesla's high density density asynchronous motor ha e ncha haholo.Mohlala oa pele oa Tesla oa Roadster, lihlahisoa tsa Tomita Electric tsa Taiwan li sebelisoa, 'me li-parameter ha li fapane haholo le litekanyetso tse phatlalalitsoeng ke Model S. Phuputsong ea morao-rao, litsebi tsa malapeng le linaheng tse ling li na le meralo ea theko e tlaase, matla a phahameng. makoloi a ka kengoang kapele tlhahisong.Kahoo ha u sheba tšimo ena, qoba Tesla ea tšōmo - Li-motors tsa Tesla li ntle ka ho lekaneng, empa ha li ntle hoo ho seng motho e mong ea ka li hahang.
Har'a mefuta e mengata ea likoloi, tse sebelisoang hangata likoloing tsa motlakase haholo-holo li-asynchronous motors (tseo hape li bitsoang induction motors), li-motor synchronous tse thabileng ka ntle, li-motor synchronous motors le li-motor synchronous tse nyalisitsoeng.Ba lumelang hore likoloi tse tharo tsa pele li na le tsebo e itseng ka likoloi tsa motlakase li tla ba le likhopolo tse ling tsa motheo.Li-motor tsa Asynchronous li na le theko e tlase ebile li ts'epahala haholo, li-motors tsa magnet synchronous tse sa feleng li na le matla a phahameng a matla le bokhoni, boholo bo nyane empa theko e phahameng, le taolo e rarahaneng ea lebelo le holimo..
E ka 'na eaba u utloile ho fokolang ka li-motor synchronous motors, empa haufinyane tjena, barekisi ba bangata ba likoloi ba Europe ba se ba qalile ho fana ka likoloi tse joalo.Matla a matla le bokhoni bo phahameng haholo, 'me matla a mangata a matla a matla, empa taolo ha e thata, e loketseng haholo bakeng sa likoloi tsa motlakase.
Ha ho letho le ikhethang ka enjene ena.Ha ho bapisoa le motor synchronous magnet e sa feleng, ntle le limakenete tse sa feleng, rotor e boetse e eketsa moea o hlasimollang o ts'oanang le enjene ea setso ea synchronous.Enjene e joalo ha e na matla a phahameng a matla a tlisitsoeng ke makenete e sa feleng, empa hape e khona ho fetola matla a khoheli ho latela litlhoko ka maqhubu a hlasimollang, a ka laoloang habonolo karolong ka 'ngoe ea lebelo.Mohlala o tloaelehileng ke HSM1 series motor e hlahisoang ke BRUSA Switzerland.HSM1-10.18.22 mothinya oa sebopeho o bonts'itsoe setšoantšong se ka tlase.Matla a phahameng ke 220kW le torque e kholo ke 460Nm, empa molumo oa eona ke 24L feela (30 cm bophara le 34 cm ka bolelele) le boima ba hoo e ka bang 76kg.Boima ba matla le boima ba torque ha e le hantle bo bapisoa le lihlahisoa tsa Tesla.Ha e le hantle, theko ha e theko e tlaase.Enjene ena e na le converter ea maqhubu, 'me theko e ka ba li-euro tse 11,000.
Bakeng sa tlhokahalo ea likoloi tsa motlakase, ho bokella theknoloji ea likoloi ho hōlile ka ho lekaneng.Seo hajoale se haellang ke enjene e etselitsoeng likoloi tsa motlakase ka ho khetheha, eseng theknoloji ea ho etsa enjene e joalo.Ho lumeloa hore ka kholo ea butle-butle le nts'etsopele ea 'maraka, li-motors tse nang le matla a phahameng a matla li tla tsebahala haholoanyane,' me theko e tla ba haufi le batho le ho feta.
Bakeng sa tlhokahalo ea likoloi tsa motlakase, hajoale ho na le khaello ea likoloi tse etselitsoeng likoloi tsa motlakase ka ho khetheha.Ho lumeloa hore ka kholo ea butle-butle le nts'etsopele ea 'maraka, li-motors tse nang le matla a phahameng a matla li tla tsebahala haholoanyane,' me theko e tla ba haufi le batho le ho feta.
Lipatlisiso mabapi le likoloi tsa motlakase li hloka ho khutlela ho mantlha.Ntho ea bohlokoa ea likoloi tsa motlakase ke lipalangoang tse sireletsehileng le tse theko e tlaase, eseng laboratori ea thekenoloji ea thekenoloji, 'me ha ho hlokahale hore e sebelise theknoloji e tsoetseng pele ka ho fetisisa le ea feshene.Qetellong, e lokela ho reroa le ho raloa ho latela litlhoko tsa sebaka seo.
Ho hlaha ha Tesla ho bontšitse batho hore bokamoso bo tlameha ho ba ba likoloi tsa motlakase.Hore na likoloi tsa motlakase tsa nakong e tlang li tla shebahala joang le hore na China e tla ba le boemo bofe indastering ea likoloi tsa motlakase nakong e tlang e ntse e sa tsejoe.Hona hape ke khahleho ea mosebetsi oa indasteri: ho fapana le saense ea tlhaho, esita le phello e ke keng ea qojoa e bontšitsoeng ke melao ea saense ea sechaba e hloka hore batho ba e finyelle ka ho etsa lipatlisiso le boiteko bo boima!
(Mongoli: Mokhethoa oa PhD ho boenjiniere ba likoloi tsa motlakase Univesithing ea Technical ea Munich)
Nako ea poso: Mar-24-2022